Bullets: History of Psych Nursing

PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT

· Philippe Pinel – France

· William Tuke – England

· Asylum – a physical location or a state of mind

· Terms for Mental Illness: madness, lunacy, insanity, feeblemindedness, idiocy

· Dorothea Dix – USA: opened 32 state asylums

· Eastern Lunatic Asylum (Williamsburg, Virginia, 1773) – first asylum in the USA

· Four concepts of asylum: Patients, Professionals, Patients, Public

· Linda Richards – 1^st American psych nurse

PERIOD OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY

· Sigmund Freud – changed the world’s view on mental illness

· Emil Kraeplin – contributed to the classification of mental disorders

· Eugene Bleuler – “Schizophrenia”

· Humans could be studied and that study held promise for treating MI

PERIOD OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS

· Development of antipsychotics (1^st-Chlorpromazine) and antidepressants (1^st – Imipramine)

· Mental Illness caused by biochemical imbalances

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH

· Destroyed the state hospital system

· Individuals do not need to be hospitalized away from home or community

· People have the right to be treated in the community

· Opened whole range of opportunities for psychiatric nurses from intrainstitutional to extrainstitutional

DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION

· Refers to depopulating of state mental hospitals

· Conflict: 33% of the homeless have mental illness